Can I be penalized on WhatsApp Business?

Yes, it can happen. Penalties are applied by Meta. AFRUS shows you the risk signals:

• Number quality in red: the Número de Teléfono Registrado (Calidad OK) check shows a warning that the number may be limited and drop a tier.
• Display name rejected: if Meta rejects it, that check fails.
• Paused or disabled templates: Meta can set a template to Pausada (Paused) or Deshabilitada (Disabled).
• Permanent errors: AFRUS doesn't retry messages Meta rejects because of a blocked account, a spam limit, content that violates policies or people who blocked your marketing messages.

With Marketing templates, users can unsubscribe. The full penalty rules are set by Meta.